They are all standard Java data types. B4A doesn't support Decimal or Currency.
Byte : 1byte signed: -128 to 127
Char : 2bytes unsigned: 0 to 65535 : not all values are valid Unicode code points
Short : 2bytes signed: -32768 to 32767
Int : 4bytes signed: -2147483648 to 2147483647
Long : 8bytes signed: -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (9.2...E+18)
Float : 4bytes +/- 3.4e +/- 38 (~7 digits)
Double : 8bytes +/- 1.7e +/- 308 (~15 digits)