I didn't know Activity_Resume fired when an app launched - that explains my issue. I have the following at the beginning of my Activity_Resume:
Sub Activity_Resume
pager.GotoPage(CurrentPage, False)
This is meant to work with an action in Activity_Pause, where the current page is stored before the app is closed - that way the app re-opens to the same page when resumed. However, the default value for this variable is 0, not 1, and so it overrides any GotoPage method in Activity_Create.