Yes, with XmlLayoutBuilder library.
Create this XML file and put it under Object\res\drawables.
Make sure that the file is read-only.
Now you can load the drawable object and assign it to whichever view you like:
Sub Activity_Create(FirstTime As Boolean)
Dim xl As XmlLayoutBuilder
Activity.Background = xl.GetDrawable("shape") 'file name is shape.xml
End Sub
Note that with the rapid debugger you need to click on Tools - Clean Project after you change the file. Otherwise the debugger may reuse the previous installed APK.