I do not think you need the catch block because there is no error when the count is 0. The code can be simply as follows:
Sub CountDuplicate() As Int
Dim qry As String
Dim cur As Cursor
qry = "SELECT COUNT(*) AS duplicate_count FROM GamePlay GROUP BY teamscore, teamround HAVING duplicate_count > 1"
cur = SQL.ExecQuery(qry)
Return cur.RowCount
End Sub
If no records, log(CountDuplicate) will display 0