To do what you're asking you need to have something like SMB (SAMBA), Android doesn't natively support it, or, you save your files on a webserver, or FTP.
What protocol does the remote server operate on?
If it is FTP or HTTP then you are better off downloading the file first, then kicking off the intent.
If it is SAMBA then it will be harder, as we do not yet have a SAMBA library.