ok. I have spend the hole day to solve the problem. I now made it with acceptAll...
For all, who want to try to install a private certificate: It doesn't runs: First, I made a .cer-file out of my keystore file with the keystoretool. After that, i have installed the certificate on an iphone 6+ and on my galaxy s6 edge with android 5.1.1. Under Android, the certificate is installed for "vpn and apps".
After that, i tried to communicate over https wirh my server without using acceptAll. But on both devices, the communication failed, because of the certificate...
For me, it was not possible to install my own cert and use it in my clients...