Android Question Layout...

there are sevel ways, Kepler.

some use the tabview to jump to pages.
others use a sliding panels lib.

while other use a screen with buttons that either
- open new activity screen
- hide all panels and show the selected panel

the above can be done in the layout designer with just 1 layout as you requested.

For a small app I prefer the above but other people might like it to do it on another way.

But you have enough options

It's like you build cars. Every standard car has 4 wheels but above these wheels every car is build for specific needs. A truck has a quite different layout than a roadster for 2 people.

Coming back to Android:

It's a simple fact that different devices have different screensizes. Some are full hd others have a very low resolution. The designer leads you to some sort of a compromise to handle it the same way.

First you should think of the basic design and what kind of app you want to create. Am I developing for a phone or a tablet? (f.e. do I build a car or a truck). A tablet has much more "space" (because it has a bigger surface). Users expect more data to see on their screens than on a phone.

As sorex said, you have a lot of options. There won't be ONE solution for all.