... if there was any folder that my App can use without the need for extra permissions and which are saved in case of uninstallation
I think that you have already been told the answer to this question. Let me say it again ...
Your app has access to its own "internal storage". This means storage that is available only to your app, and cannot be seen or accessed by any other app on the user device. Anything other than this internal storage we will call "external storage".
The following rules now apply to all apps uploaded to the Playstore ...
Rule 1 - Any data written to internal storage will be removed when the app is uninstalled.
Rule 2 - Any data written to external storage will only be written after the User has given their permission.
So internal storage is no use to you, and you will have to use external storage after getting the user's permission.
To be fair to Google they have introduced this change over a period of years and have given developers fair warning to prepare for this change. And to be fair to you, if you are not a developer who regularly reads Google's announcements it was easy not to see this important change coming.