So, I found it out:
For testing, I had inserted in my working code the line
sp.SetParams(9600, 8, 0, 1).
Then I had a problem, transmission did not work anymore. Then I deleted that line, but the problem persisted. Then I checked on what is coming in with Hterm terminal emulator. As soon as I had set the baud rate therein to the previously used value (38400) and had closed Hterm, receiving in the B4J program revived, luckily. Maybe some freak here can explain this behaviour.