Finally, to summarise my findings for other users, don't assume your design will be fine because you can see it on your or several device/s. Do use the 'Cloud' but beware that not all devices are represented.
I do not know what went wrong with Android after SDKVersion 10.
1. Android 2.2 (i.e. targetSdkVersion="4") RadioButtons and CheckBoxes work perfectly on the Android 4.2 Asus Transformer device and show inner and outer rings and the selection as they should, on the many colours tried.
They also are perfect using targetSdkVersion="8", targetSdkVersion="10"
1a. I do not yet know if any other views (or anything) will suffer because targetSdkVersion="4" or "8" or "10" is selected.
1b. The advice was to not use targetSdkVersion="4" (presumably meaning any earlier target when using a later device, but it clearly seems that the only solution in this case is to avoid "12" and "14".
2. Using targetSdkVersion="12" or "14" and the cloud and Designer I failed to find a panel colour that permitted anything but the centre colour on the selected RB or the tick of a checkbox to show. The outer 'Black' ring is always invisible. Since multiple RBs are always used, the non selected ones are invisible entirely (except for their text if used). Black would not be expected to be interfered with by panel colour, except Black of course.
So the cloud was useful in that it proved the negative.
2a. This also appears to be the case with Nexus 7, but I didn't test every colour on that device.
3. RadioButtons (the rings) are not resizeable only the background rectangle.
I hope this saves at least one person some time.