I have managed to get an answer from Samsung developer support about Adaptive Icons, Icon shape and OS support.
Unlike previous versions the Samsung implementation of Android Pie has NO facility to change icon shape so will not support adaptive icons. With Samsung's huge share of the Android market will affect many users.
More importantly, the 'Squircle' icon mask with a fixed white background actually changes the appearance of legacy icons, particularly square ones. I hesitate to say they are 'broken' but their appearance is changed markedly and the programmer is forced to re-think when designing icons.
In the Pie screen-shot below the top row of icons are web-page links that appear as apps used to under Oreo. The square graphic colour and detail extend into the corners and transparency continues to show the home-page background as one might expect.
New: The middle row of icons show the Samsung native apps. As you can see a more simplistic, naive design is used with colour extending to the limit of the mask with no transparency employed.
New: The bottom row shows third-party apps whose appearance has fundamentally changed. Where transparency was part of the design there is now a harsh white background. If the icon was circular then proximity to the squircle mask makes it look weird. Detail that extended into the corners of the graphic is cropped.
To fix this I have rethought my approach to icons. Forget using transparency unless white is OK. Circular images only look good against solid colour and they must remain well clear of the mask otherwise it looks weird. Square icons must not contain any detail close to or beyond the mask otherwise it is cropped. To facilitate this in my graphics editor I use a layer with a central guide circle that is 88% diameter of the square graphic side measurement. I then make the layer invisible before saving the final .png. It seems to have worked out OK so far.