B4R Code Snippet External I2C 4-channel 16-bit ADC ADS1115

After checking several libraries for ADS1115 usage (for maximally fast IC reading) i have stopped and chosen this tutorial (with native B4R code) and prepared an universal module.

  • A 3rd MCU pin for interruption when the ADC measurement is finished (excepting 2 pins for I2C bus) is not used
  • But delay for waiting the ADC result is used due to the MCU may hang and reboot sometimes if to read asynchronously as fast as needed
  • I2C bus speed is set to 800000 bps for better performance (tests show that speed > 800 kbps does not help to read faster)
  • Pre-checking that chip is really present on the declared I2C-bus address
  • Reading all 4 channels, setup to max samples per second
  • After reading - calculating the output values with scale factor of optional resistive divider and needed values range (example code is for measuring positive polarity voltage up to 4V DC)
Main module:
#Region Project Attributes
    #AutoFlushLogs: True
    #CheckArrayBounds: True
    #StackBufferSize: 600
#End Region

Sub Process_Globals
    Public Serial1 As Serial

End Sub

Private Sub AppStart
    Serial1.Initialize(115200)
    Log("AppStart")
    esp_ads1115.Start_ads1115
End Sub

Module 'esp_ads1115':
'module esp_ads1115
'v.0.3

Private Sub Process_Globals
    'These global variables will be declared once when the application starts.
    'Public variables can be accessed from all modules.
    '**********************************************
    'ADC I2C
    Private bc As ByteConverter
    Private Wire As WireMaster
    Private deviceaddress As Byte    'ignore, for inline-C
    Private wireerror As Byte = 55    'ignore, for inline-C

    Private ADC1115 As Byte = 0x48    'default i2c address
    Private ADC_Address As Byte = ADC1115
    Private const ADC_Channels As Byte = 4   
    Private Volt(ADC_Channels) As Double    'result voltages
    
    Private Configs(ADC_Channels) As Int
    Private Ranges(ADC_Channels) As Double
                      
    '                             1111 0100 0010 0011    'legend
    '                              |   |  | |||  |||| - 0011=comparator is disabled
    '                              |   |  | 000  8 SPS
    '                              |   |  | 001 16 SPS
    '                              |   |  | 010 32 SPS
    '                              |   |  | ....
    '                              |   |  | 100 128 SPS (default)
    '                              |   |  | ....
    '                              |   |  | 111 860 SPS
    '                              |   |  |
    '                              |   |  Mode 0=cont. conversion 1=Single-shot
    '                              |   |
    '                              |   000 6.144V
    '                              |   001 4.096V - used this
    '                              |   010 2.048V (DEFAULT)
    '                              |   011 1.024V
    '                              |   100 0.512V
    '                              |   11x 0.256V
    '                              000 = AINp=AIN0 And AINn=AIN1 (default)
    '                              001 = AINp=AIN0 And AINn=AIN3
    '                              010 = AINp=AIN1 And AINn=AIN3
    '                              011 = AINp=AIN2 And AINn=AIN3
    '                              100 = AINp=AIN0 And AINn=GND - used these 4 single polarity
    '                              101 = AINp=AIN1 And AINn=GND
    '                              110 = AINp=AIN2 And AINn=GND
    '                              111 = AINp=AIN3 And AINn=GND

    Private ADCChannel As Byte
    '**********************************************
    Private Timer1 As Timer
    Dim Ready_flag As Boolean
    
    Private ResistorDividers(ADC_Channels) As Double
    Private MinValues(ADC_Channels) As Double
    Private MaxValues(ADC_Channels) As Double
    Public Values(ADC_Channels) As Double    'result measurements
End Sub

Sub Start_ads1115
    '********************************************************
    Configs(0) =  0xC2E3    '1100 0010 1110 0011    +AN0 -GND 4,096 V
    Ranges(0) = 4.096
    Configs(1) =  0xD2E3    '1101 0010 1110 0011    +AN1 -GND 4,096 V
    Ranges(1) = 4.096
    Configs(2) =  0xE2E3    '1110 0010 1110 0011    +AN2 -GND 4,096 V
    Ranges(2) = 4.096
    Configs(3) =  0xF2E3    '1111 0010 1110 0011    +AN3 -GND 4,096 V
    Ranges(3) = 4.096
    
    ResistorDividers(0) = 1    '390 / 270    'kOhm, Rout / Rin
    ResistorDividers(1) = 1
    ResistorDividers(2) = 1
    ResistorDividers(3) = 1
    
    MinValues(0) = 0        'needed output converted (measured) value range, low limit, channel 0
    MaxValues(0) = 100        'needed output converted (measured) value range, high limit, channel 0
    MinValues(1) = 0        'needed output converted (measured) value range, low limit, channel 1
    MaxValues(1) = 100        'needed output converted (measured) value range, high limit, channel 1
    MinValues(2) = 0        'needed output converted (measured) value range, low limit, channel 2
    MaxValues(2) = 100        'needed output converted (measured) value range, high limit, channel 2
    MinValues(3) = 0        'needed output converted (measured) value range, low limit, channel 3
    MaxValues(3) = 100        'needed output converted (measured) value range, high limit, channel 3
    
    
    Wire.Initialize
    
    Log("Start reading ads1115...")
    Ready_flag = False
    
    '-------test if device presents-----
        deviceaddress = ADC1115
        RunNative("SetWireClock", 800000)
        RunNative("icwirebegintransmisson", Null)
        RunNative("icwireendtransmisson", Null)
        Dim b(1) As Byte
        b(0) = ADC1115
        If wireerror = 0 Then
            Log("ADC1115 I2C device found at address: 0x", bc.HexFromBytes(b), " (", ADC1115, ")")
        Else
            Log("ADC1115 device was not found at 0x", bc.HexFromBytes(b), " (", ADC1115, ")")
            Return
        End If
    '----------------------------
    Set_ADC (Configs(0))
    ADCChannel = 0
    ADC_Address = ADC1115
    
    Timer1.Initialize("Timer1_Tick", 20)    '20 = OK
    Timer1.Enabled = True
End Sub

Sub Stop
    Timer1.Enabled = False
    Log("esp_ads1115 stopped")
End Sub

Private Sub Timer1_Tick
    Dim ADCV As Int = ADC_SS_read(Configs(ADCChannel))
    Volt(ADCChannel) = Convert_2_Volt(ADCV, Ranges(ADCChannel)) / ResistorDividers(ADCChannel)
    Values(ADCChannel) = doubleMap(Volt(ADCChannel), 0, Ranges(ADCChannel), MinValues(ADCChannel), MaxValues(ADCChannel))
    Log("Volt(", ADCChannel, ") = ", Volt(ADCChannel), "; ", Values(ADCChannel))
    ADCChannel = ADCChannel + 1
    If ADCChannel = ADC_Channels Then
        Ready_flag = True
        ADCChannel = 0
    End If
End Sub

'Config ADC
Private Sub Set_ADC (Config As Int)
    'Set config register 0x1
    Wire.WriteTo(ADC_Address, Array As Byte(0x1, Bit.HighByte(Config), Bit.LowByte(Config)))
    'Select ADC conversion register 0x0
    '                                0x0 = conversion register
    '                                        |
    '                                        v
    Wire.WriteTo(ADC_Address, Array As Byte(0x0))
End Sub

'Read ADC single shot, return ADC value Int
Private Sub ADC_SS_read (Config As Int) As Int
    'Set config register 0x1
    Config = Bit.Or(Config, 0x0100)

    'ADC config and start conversion
    Set_ADC(Config)

    'get Samples per Seconds setting
    Dim SPS As UInt = Bit.ShiftRight(Bit.And(Bit.LowByte(Config), 0xE0),5)
    
    'conversion time from 125 to 1,16 mS (8 to 860 SPS)
    Dim Mdelay As UInt
    
    Select SPS
        Case 0   '8
            Mdelay = 1000000 / 8
        Case 1   '16
            Mdelay = 1000000 / 16
        Case 2   '32
            Mdelay = 1000000 / 32
        Case 3   '64
            Mdelay = 1000000 / 64
        Case 4   '128
            Mdelay = 1000000 / 128
        Case 5   '250
            Mdelay = 1000000 / 250
        Case 6   '475
            Mdelay = 1000000 / 475
        Case 7   '860
            Mdelay = 1000000 / 860
    End Select
    DelayMicroseconds(Mdelay)   'wait for conversion
    'read ADC
    Return Read_ADC2
End Sub

'Read ADC return array High - Low
Private Sub Read_ADC () As Byte()
    Return Wire.RequestFrom(ADC_Address, 2)    'High - Low
End Sub


'Read ADC return Int number
Private Sub Read_ADC2 () As Int
    Dim data() As Byte = Read_ADC
    Return Bit.Shiftleft(data(0),8) + data(1)    'Convert array to Int and return it
End Sub

'Convert ADC number to Volt
Private Sub Convert_2_Volt (ADC_Value As Int, Range As Float) As Float
    Return (ADC_Value * Range / 32767)
End Sub

'Read ADC return Vols
Private Sub Read_Volt (Range As Float) As Float
    Dim data() As Byte = Read_ADC    'alternate reading
    Return (Bit.Shiftleft(data(0),8) + data(1)) * Range / 32767
End Sub

Public Sub doubleMap(analoginputvalue As Double,in_min As Double,in_max As Double,out_min As Double,out_max As Double) As Double
    Dim a As Double = (analoginputvalue - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min
    Return a
End Sub


#if C
#include <Wire.h>
void icwirebegintransmisson (B4R::Object* o) {
   Wire.beginTransmission(b4r_esp_ads1115::_deviceaddress);
}

void icwireendtransmisson (B4R::Object* o) {
  b4r_esp_ads1115::_wireerror = Wire.endTransmission();
}

void SetWireClock(B4R::Object* o) {
   Wire.setClock (o->toULong());
}

#End if
Module 'esp_ads1115':
'module esp_ads1115
'v.0.2

Private Sub Process_Globals
    'These global variables will be declared once when the application starts.
    'Public variables can be accessed from all modules.
    '**********************************************
    'ADC I2C
    Private bc As ByteConverter
    Private Wire As WireMaster
    Private deviceaddress As Byte    'ignore, for inline-C
    Private wireerror As Byte = 55    'ignore, for inline-C

    Private ADC1115 As Byte = 0x48    'default i2c address
    Private ADC_Address As Byte = ADC1115
    Private ADC_Channel As Byte = 4
    Private Volt(ADC_Channel) As Double    'result voltages

    '                          1100 0010 1110 0011     '+AN0 -GND 4,096 V
    Private Config0 As Int =  0xC2E3                   '+AN0 -GND 4,096 V
    Private Range0 As Float = 4.096
    '                           1101 0010 1110 0011     '+AN1 -GND 4,096 V
    Private Config1 As Int =  0xD2E3                      '+AN1 -GND 4,096 V
    Private Range1 As Float = 4.096
    '                           1110 0010 1110 0011     '+AN2 -GND 4,096 V
    Private Config2 As Int =  0xE2E3                   '+AN2 -GND 4,096 V
    Private Range2 As Float = 4.096
    '                           1111 0010 1110 0011     '+AN3 -GND 4,096 V
    Private Config3 As Int =  0xF2E3                   '+AN3 -GND 4,096 V
    Private Range3 As Float = 4.096
    '
    '                             1111 0100 0010 0011    'legend
    '                              |   |  | |||  |||| - 0011=comparator is disabled
    '                              |   |  | 000  8 SPS
    '                              |   |  | 001 16 SPS
    '                              |   |  | 010 32 SPS
    '                              |   |  | ....
    '                              |   |  | 100 128 SPS (default)
    '                              |   |  | ....
    '                              |   |  | 111 860 SPS
    '                              |   |  |
    '                              |   |  Mode 0=cont. conversion 1=Single-shot
    '                              |   |
    '                              |   000 6.144V
    '                              |   001 4.096V - used this
    '                              |   010 2.048V (DEFAULT)
    '                              |   011 1.024V
    '                              |   100 0.512V
    '                              |   11x 0.256V
    '                              000 = AINp=AIN0 And AINn=AIN1 (default)
    '                              001 = AINp=AIN0 And AINn=AIN3
    '                              010 = AINp=AIN1 And AINn=AIN3
    '                              011 = AINp=AIN2 And AINn=AIN3
    '                              100 = AINp=AIN0 And AINn=GND - used these 4 single polarity
    '                              101 = AINp=AIN1 And AINn=GND
    '                              110 = AINp=AIN2 And AINn=GND
    '                              111 = AINp=AIN3 And AINn=GND

    Private ADCChannel As Byte
    '**********************************************
    Private Timer1 As Timer
    Dim Ready_flag As Boolean
 
    Private ResistorDivider0 As Double = 1    '390 / 270    'kOhm, Rout / Rin
    Private ResistorDivider1 As Double = 1
    Private ResistorDivider2 As Double = 1
    Private ResistorDivider3 As Double = 1
 
    Private MinValue0 As Double = 0    'needed output converted (measured) value range, low limit, channel 0
    Private MaxValue0 As Double = 100    'needed output converted (measured) value range, high limit, channel 0
    Private MinValue1 As Double = 0
    Private MaxValue1 As Double = 100
    Private MinValue2 As Double = 0
    Private MaxValue2 As Double = 100
    Private MinValue3 As Double = 0
    Private MaxValue3 As Double = 100
    Public Values(ADC_Channel) As Double    'result measurements
End Sub

Sub Start_ads1115
    '********************************************************
    'ADC I2C
    'Data on Lolin32 - ESP32
    '96,15kHz , 10,4uS clock
    'config = 9+9+9+9 = 36x10 = 375uS about
    'sel conf reg. = 9+9 = 18x10= 187uS about
    'read conv. = 9+9+9 = 27x10= 280uS about
    'read-set-next = 280+375+187 = 842 uS about
    Wire.Initialize
 
    Log("Start reading ads1115...")
    Ready_flag = False
 
    '-------test if device presents-----
        deviceaddress = ADC1115
        RunNative("SetWireClock", 800000)
        RunNative("icwirebegintransmisson", Null)
        RunNative("icwireendtransmisson", Null)
        Dim b(1) As Byte
        b(0) = ADC1115
        If wireerror = 0 Then
            Log("ADC1115 I2C device found at address: 0x", bc.HexFromBytes(b), " (", ADC1115, ")")
        Else
            Log("ADC1115 device was not found at 0x", bc.HexFromBytes(b), " (", ADC1115, ")")
            Return
        End If
    '----------------------------
    Set_ADC (Config0)
    ADCChannel = 0
    ADC_Address = ADC1115
 
    Timer1.Initialize("Timer1_Tick", 20)    '20 = OK
    Timer1.Enabled = True
End Sub

Sub Stop
    Timer1.Enabled = False
    Log("esp_ads1115 stopped")
End Sub

Private Sub Timer1_Tick
    Select ADCChannel
        Case 0
            Dim ADCV As Int = ADC_SS_read(Config0)
            Volt(0) = Convert_2_Volt (ADCV, Range0) / ResistorDivider0
            Values(0) = CalcValue
            Log("Volt(0) = ", Volt(0), "; ", Values(0))
            ADCChannel = 1
        Case 1
            Dim ADCV As Int = ADC_SS_read(Config1)
            Volt(1) = Convert_2_Volt (ADCV, Range1) / ResistorDivider1
            Values(1) = CalcValue
            Log("Volt(1) = ", Volt(1), "; ", Values(1))
            ADCChannel = 2
        Case 2
            Dim ADCV As Int = ADC_SS_read(Config2)
            Volt(2) = Convert_2_Volt (ADCV, Range2) / ResistorDivider2
            Values(2) = CalcValue
            Log("Volt(2) = ", Volt(2), "; ", Values(2))
            ADCChannel = 3
        Case 3
            Dim ADCV As Int = ADC_SS_read(Config3)
            Volt(3) = Convert_2_Volt (ADCV, Range3) / ResistorDivider3
            Values(3) = CalcValue
            Log("Volt(3) = ", Volt(3), "; ", Values(3))
            ADCChannel = 0
      
            Ready_flag = True
    End Select
 
End Sub

Private Sub CalcValue As Double
    Dim a As Double
    Select ADCChannel
        Case 0
            a = doubleMap(Volt(0), 0, Range0, MinValue0, MaxValue0)
        Case 1
            a = doubleMap(Volt(1), 0, Range1, MinValue1, MaxValue1)
        Case 2
            a = doubleMap(Volt(2), 0, Range2, MinValue2, MaxValue2)
        Case 3
            a = doubleMap(Volt(3), 0, Range3, MinValue3, MaxValue3)
    End Select
    Return a
End Sub

'Config ADC
Private Sub Set_ADC (Config As Int)
    'Set config register 0x1
    Wire.WriteTo(ADC_Address, Array As Byte(0x1, Bit.HighByte(Config), Bit.LowByte(Config)))
    'Select ADC conversion register 0x0
    '                                0x0 = conversion register
    '                                        |
    '                                        v
    Wire.WriteTo(ADC_Address, Array As Byte(0x0))
End Sub

'Read ADC single shot, return ADC value Int
Private Sub ADC_SS_read (Config As Int) As Int
    Dim Mdelay As UInt

    'Set config register 0x1
    Config = Bit.Or (Config,0x0100)

    'ADC config and start conversion
    Wire.WriteTo(ADC_Address, Array As Byte(0x1, Bit.HighByte(Config), Bit.LowByte(Config)))  '36clk -> 370uS
    'select conversion register for read
    Wire.WriteTo(ADC_Address, Array As Byte(0x0))                                             '18clk = 187 uS

    'get Samples per Seconds setting
    Dim SPS As UInt = Bit.ShiftRight(Bit.And(Bit.LowByte(Config), 0xE0),5)
 
    'conversion time from 125 to 1,16 mS (8 to 860 SPS)
    Select SPS
        Case 0   '8
            Mdelay = 1000000 / 8
        Case 1   '16
            Mdelay = 1000000 / 16
        Case 2   '32
            Mdelay = 1000000 / 32
        Case 3   '64
            Mdelay = 1000000 / 64
        Case 4   '128
            Mdelay = 1000000 / 128
        Case 5   '250
            Mdelay = 1000000 / 250
        Case 6   '475
            Mdelay = 1000000 / 475
        Case 7   '860
            Mdelay = 1000000 / 860
    End Select

    DelayMicroseconds(Mdelay)   'wait for conversion
    'read ADC
    Dim data() As Byte = Wire.RequestFrom(ADC_Address, 2)
    Return Bit.Shiftleft(data(0),8) + data(1)    'Covert array to Int and return it
End Sub


'Read ADC return array High - Low
Private Sub Read_ADC () As Byte()
    Return Wire.RequestFrom(ADC_Address, 2)    'High - Low
End Sub


'Read ADC return Int number
Private Sub Read_ADC2 () As Int
    Dim data() As Byte = Wire.RequestFrom(ADC_Address, 2)
    Return Bit.Shiftleft(data(0),8) + data(1)
End Sub

'Convert ADC number to Volt
Private Sub Convert_2_Volt (ADC_Value As Int, Range As Float) As Float
    Return (ADC_Value * Range / 32767)
End Sub

'Read ADC return Vols
Private Sub Read_Volt (Range As Float) As Float
    Dim data() As Byte = Read_ADC    'alternate reading
    Return (Bit.Shiftleft(data(0),8) + data(1)) * Range / 32767
End Sub

Public Sub doubleMap(analoginputvalue As Double,in_min As Double,in_max As Double,out_min As Double,out_max As Double) As Double
    Dim a As Double = (analoginputvalue - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min
    Return a
End Sub


#if C
#include <Wire.h>
void icwirebegintransmisson (B4R::Object* o) {
   Wire.beginTransmission(b4r_esp_ads1115::_deviceaddress);
}

void icwireendtransmisson (B4R::Object* o) {
  b4r_esp_ads1115::_wireerror = Wire.endTransmission();
}

void SetWireClock(B4R::Object* o) {
   Wire.setClock (o->toULong());
}

#End if
 

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